StakeStats
10SC Free

Best No KYC Casinos for US Players in 2026

Discover the best no KYC casinos for US players in 2026. Enjoy fast, anonymous gaming with Jackbit, Arcadex.win, and BetPanda!

By Seal · 2026-08-03

Best No KYC Casinos for US Players in 2026

Best No KYC Casinos for US Players in 2026

Man playing no KYC crypto casino at home

For US crypto players who want to gamble without uploading a passport, the clearest picks right now are Jackbit (native Monero support, consistently no-KYC for routine cashouts), Arcadex.win (zero signup, browser-session wallet), and BetPanda (Bitcoin Lightning withdrawals settling in under two minutes). These three actually deliver on the privacy promise most sites only advertise.

The honest trade-off: faster, more anonymous rails come with weaker consumer protection. No regulator will mediate a dispute with an offshore operator. If a site freezes your funds, your recourse is limited to blockchain transaction records and whatever payout proofs you saved. That is the deal, and it is worth knowing before you deposit.

Quick shortlist for US players:

  • Jackbit — native XMR deposits and withdrawals; KYC reserved for AML/fraud flags only
  • Arcadex.win — no account at all; your Monero deposit address is your account
  • BetPanda — Bitcoin Lightning payouts with sub-two-minute settlement
  • Wild.io — provably fair branding with fast crypto withdrawals
  • BC.Game — large game library; practical KYC caps apply above certain withdrawal sizes

Table of Contents

How the best no KYC casinos compare at a glance

Comparison reflects publicly available operator information as of early 2026. Verify policies directly before depositing.

Casino Anonymity / Registration KYC Trigger / Policy Accepted Cryptos Payout Speed License / Jurisdiction Provably Fair US Available
Jackbit No ID; email optional AML/fraud flags only BTC, XMR, ETH, USDT, LTC Under 10 min (wallet) Curacao Yes Yes
Arcadex.win No signup; session wallet Not stated publicly XMR native Immediate (on-chain) Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
BetPanda Email only Not publicly stated BTC (Lightning), ETH, USDT Under 2 min (Lightning) Costa Rica registration Not stated Check locally
Wild.io Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC, USDT Fast (claimed) Curacao Yes Yes
BC.Game Email + username Large withdrawal threshold BTC, ETH, BNB, USDT, — Fast to moderate Curacao Yes Restricted
BetPlay Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Cryptorino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC, USDT Fast (claimed) Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Instant Casino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Instant (claimed) Curacao Not stated Check locally
Lucky Block Email only Varies by market BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Curacao Not stated Restricted
Vave Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP, 30+ Fast Curacao Not stated Check locally
Sportbet.one Email only Post-large-win possible BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Anon Casino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, XMR, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Winna Casino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Tether21 No email required (entry) Not publicly stated USDT, XMR, ZEC, BTC Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
CoinCasino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC, USDT, more Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Ignition Casino Email + basic info Layered by product BTC, ETH, LTC Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
BetOnline Email + basic info Layered by withdrawal size BTC, ETH, LTC, USDT Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
Cafe Casino Email + basic info Varies BTC, ETH, LTC Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
Bovada Email + basic info Layered BTC, ETH, LTC Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
Wall Street Memes Casino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Mega Dice Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
TG Casino Telegram login Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Crypto Games Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC, DOGE Fast Not disclosed Yes Check locally
All Star Slots Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
Super Slots Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, LTC Standard Not disclosed Not stated US-facing
WinSpirit Casino Email only Not publicly stated BTC, ETH, USDT Fast Curacao Not stated Check locally
Zodiac Casino Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Brango Casino Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Vavada Casino Email only Varies by market BTC, ETH, USDT Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Casino Extreme Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Yabby Casino Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally
Red Dog Casino Email + basic info Not publicly stated BTC, ETH Standard Not disclosed Not stated Check locally

Infographic comparing top no-KYC casinos by focus


Mini reviews of the top no KYC crypto casinos

Jackbit

Jackbit is the closest thing to a genuinely no-KYC casino for privacy-maximalists. Multiple hands-on reviews confirm wallet payouts under 10 minutes and a policy that reserves verification for AML or fraud flags rather than routine cashouts. Native Monero support is the differentiator: you deposit and withdraw XMR directly without routing through a third-party mixer, which keeps on-chain privacy intact.

Hands holding phone with crypto wallet on table

Pros: Native XMR rails, fast wallet payouts, narrow KYC posture for routine play. Cons: Curacao license offers limited dispute protection; game library smaller than BC.Game. Best for: Privacy-maximalists and Monero users who want consistent no-KYC behavior.

Arcadex.win

Arcadex.win takes the no-account model further than any other site on this list. There is no signup form. Your unique Monero deposit address, generated in the browser session, is your account. Lose that session data without saving your recovery string and you lose access permanently. That is both the strength and the risk.

Pros: Zero personal data collected, pure XMR-native play, immediate on-chain settlement. Cons: No account recovery if you clear your browser; no publicly disclosed license. Best for: Users who want pure session-based anonymous play with XMR and accept full self-custody responsibility.

BetPanda

BetPanda runs on Bitcoin Lightning, and the speed is real. Testing data shows sub-two-minute Lightning payouts with negligible per-transaction fees. The catch: BetPanda operates under a Costa Rica business registration rather than a formal gambling license, which means zero regulatory backstop if something goes wrong.

Pros: Bitcoin Lightning withdrawals under two minutes, low fees, email-only signup. Cons: No formal gambling license; limited dispute recourse. Best for: Players who prioritize near-instant BTC withdrawals and can accept the licensing gap.

Wild.io

Wild.io markets provably fair games alongside fast crypto withdrawals, which puts it in a useful middle ground: you get some fairness auditability without surrendering identity documents for routine play. Curacao-licensed, email-only signup.

Woman making crypto payment in coworking space

Pros: Provably fair support, fast payouts, broad coin acceptance. Cons: KYC policy not publicly detailed; Curacao license is common but not the strongest jurisdiction. Best for: Players who want provably fair verification paired with quick crypto withdrawals.

BC.Game

BC.Game is the largest game library on this list, covering slots, live tables, sports, and a token-based ecosystem. The trade-off is practical: large withdrawals often trigger verification requests, so the no-KYC posture is conditional. Industry reporting notes that common withdrawal-trigger thresholds run around $5,000, and BC.Game's behavior aligns with that pattern.

Pros: Massive game and coin range, active community, Curacao license. Cons: KYC caps apply at higher withdrawal amounts; restricted for some US states. Best for: Players who want variety and can keep individual withdrawals below the verification threshold.

BetPlay

BetPlay covers both sportsbook and casino products, which is rare in the no-KYC space. The hybrid offer suits players who want to bet on sports and spin slots without switching platforms. KYC policy is not publicly detailed, so treat it as conditional.

Pros: Sportsbook and casino in one product, crypto rails, email-only signup. Cons: KYC threshold not publicly published; limited license transparency. Best for: Sports and casino players who want a single platform with minimal onboarding.

Cryptorino

Cryptorino appears consistently in aggregated no-KYC roundups for its fast settlement claims and broad crypto support. There is not much public differentiation beyond that: it is a solid mid-tier option if your priority is quick withdrawals and you are comfortable with limited public information about its operator.

Best for: Players seeking quick crypto withdrawals from a recognizable aggregator-listed brand.

Instant Casino

The name is the pitch: minimal friction from deposit to play. Email-only signup, instant deposit flow, Curacao-licensed. The no-KYC posture is not publicly detailed, so run a micro-test before committing a larger bankroll.

Best for: Players who want the shortest path from wallet to game.

Lucky Block

Lucky Block pairs crypto-first promotions with token-linked features in certain product variants. KYC requirements vary by market, so US players should verify availability and verification flows before depositing. Curacao-licensed.

Best for: Players in regions where it accepts crypto without heavy verification requirements.

Vave

Vave supports over 30 cryptocurrencies and allows optional email-only signup, making it one of the broader coin-acceptance options on this list. On-platform buying tools let you convert directly, though conversion fees can add up.

Best for: Players who want many coin options and on-platform purchasing flexibility.

Sportbet.one

Sportbet.one is sportsbook-first with crypto rails and low-friction signup. KYC is possible after large wins, which is the standard conditional posture. Useful if sports betting is your primary activity and you want crypto settlement.

Best for: Crypto sportsbook bettors who want minimal onboarding for routine-sized bets.

Anon Casino

The brand name signals the intent: minimal identity exposure, privacy-coin support, anonymous rails. Operational details are thin publicly, so verify with a micro-test before depositing meaningfully.

Best for: Players who prioritize minimal identity exposure and privacy-coin acceptance.

Winna Casino

Winna Casino offers a standard crypto-casino feature set with email-only signup. Nothing dramatically distinguishes it from the mid-tier field, but it appears reliably in aggregator rankings for lower-friction play.

Best for: Players wanting a familiar crypto-casino experience with reduced onboarding friction.

Tether21

Tether21 targets table-game players, specifically blackjack, and advertises no email or ID required for entry-level play. It accepts USDT, XMR, and ZEC alongside BTC, which gives privacy-coin users a straightforward table-game option. Verify operational claims with a small deposit before playing at meaningful stakes.

Best for: Players who want simple USDT or XMR table play without account paperwork.

CoinCasino

CoinCasino has been in the market long enough to accumulate a track record, and aggregator reviews consistently cite its broad coin support and large game library. KYC policy is not publicly detailed.

Best for: Players who want a large game library with multiple coin rails and a longer operator history.

Ignition Casino, BetOnline, Cafe Casino, and Bovada

These four are US-facing legacy operators that appear in no-KYC conversations depending on the payment rail and withdrawal size used. All four use layered verification: email and basic info at signup, with additional checks triggered by larger withdrawals. They are not genuinely no-KYC platforms, but they accept crypto and are accessible to US players in many states. Bovada and BetOnline are the most established of the group, with the longest US-market track records.

Best for: US players who want a domestic-facing operator with crypto options and can accept conditional verification.

Wall Street Memes Casino, Mega Dice, and TG Casino

Wall Street Memes Casino and Mega Dice are newer crypto-native entrants with email-only or social-login signup flows. TG Casino uses Telegram authentication, which removes the email step entirely. All three are fast-moving brands with limited long-term track records; treat them as higher-risk options and keep deposits small until payout behavior is established.

Crypto Games

Crypto Games supports provably fair verification across its game catalog, which puts it in a more trustworthy tier than operators with no fairness auditability. BTC, ETH, LTC, and DOGE accepted; email-only signup.

Best for: Players who want provably fair verification across a focused game catalog.

All Star Slots, Super Slots, WinSpirit Casino, Zodiac Casino, Brango Casino, Vavada Casino, Casino Extreme, Yabby Casino, and Red Dog Casino

These operators appear in broader aggregated no-KYC lists, mostly for their crypto deposit options and reduced onboarding friction in certain flows. Most require email and basic information at signup, with verification triggered by withdrawal size or AML flags. WinSpirit carries a Curacao license; the others vary. None offer the native privacy-coin rails or session-wallet anonymity of the top-tier picks. Treat them as standard crypto-friendly casinos rather than genuinely anonymous platforms.

Pro Tip: Before depositing more than a small test amount at any of these mid-tier operators, run a micro-test: deposit the minimum, play a few rounds, and request a withdrawal. If the payout clears without a verification request, the site's no-KYC claim holds for that amount. If it doesn't, you've learned that for a small cost.


How KYC actually works at "no KYC" casinos and what triggers it

Many platforms that market as no-KYC still reserve the right to request identity documents when AML or fraud flags are triggered. The phrase "no KYC" in most casino marketing means "we won't ask upfront," not "we will never ask." That distinction matters enormously when your funds are on the line.

Common triggers that prompt a verification request:

  • Withdrawal amounts above threshold. Industry reporting cites common trigger points around $5,000, though operators vary significantly. Some set thresholds lower; others only trigger on cumulative lifetime withdrawals.
  • Unusual deposit patterns. Multiple rapid deposits from different wallets, or deposits that immediately reverse, flag AML monitoring systems.
  • Chargebacks or payment disputes. Even on crypto rails, disputed transactions can freeze an account pending review.
  • VPN or geo-mismatch. Connecting from a jurisdiction the operator has flagged as restricted while your account shows a different location is a common trigger.
  • Unusually fast win streaks. Automated-bot indicators, including rapid sequential bets at statistically improbable win rates, can prompt manual review.
  • Suspicious withdrawal-to-deposit ratios. Withdrawing significantly more than deposited in a short window, especially on a new account, draws attention.

Statistic callout: Industry reports indicate that withdrawal-trigger thresholds at many no-KYC operators cluster around a moderate amount, though this varies by operator and is rarely published explicitly in terms and conditions.

The practical implication: keep individual withdrawals below whatever threshold you can identify from the operator's published terms or community reports. If no threshold is published, treat $2,000–$3,000 as a conservative working limit and withdraw frequently rather than letting a balance accumulate.


How to choose a safe no KYC casino as a US player

Aggregator reviews and guides consistently show that reputation and payout-trace evidence matter more than the advertised KYC posture. Here is a prioritized checklist:

  1. Verify coin rails. Does the site support native XMR or ZEC, or only BTC and ETH? Native privacy-coin support is the strongest anonymity signal.
  2. Check the published KYC policy. If no policy is published, assume verification can be requested at any time for any reason.
  3. Confirm payout proofs or blockchain traceability. Look for community-posted withdrawal transaction IDs or on-chain proof. No payout history is a red flag.
  4. Review jurisdiction and license clarity. Curacao is common and imperfect; no license at all means zero external dispute resolution.
  5. Check provably fair tool availability. Sites that publish server seeds and support nonce verification give you an independent fairness check.
  6. Test with a small deposit first. Deposit the minimum, play briefly, and request a withdrawal before committing a real bankroll.
  7. Read bonus wagering terms carefully. A 40x wagering requirement on a deposit bonus can trap funds effectively regardless of the KYC posture.

Red flags to walk away from:

  • No public payout history or community withdrawal proofs
  • No provably fair verification on any game
  • Zero published KYC policy or terms of service
  • Aggressive bonus wagering requirements (above 40x) with no clear opt-out
  • Anonymous operator with no contact information or support channel
  • Domain registered within the last six months with no player reviews

Pro Tip: Run a live micro-test before committing. Deposit $20–$50 in crypto, play a few rounds, then request a withdrawal immediately. If it clears without a verification prompt, you have operational confirmation that the site's no-KYC claim holds at that amount. This single step eliminates most bad actors.


How to deposit, play, and withdraw at a no KYC casino

  1. Choose a non-custodial wallet. Use a wallet you control: Cake Wallet or Feather for Monero, Electrum for Bitcoin, or a hardware wallet for larger amounts. Never deposit directly from an exchange.
  2. Fund with a privacy coin or BTC/USDT. XMR or ZEC give the strongest on-chain privacy. BTC is widely accepted but traceable on-chain; use Lightning for BTC where available to reduce traceability.
  3. Create your session or account. For session-wallet sites like Arcadex.win, save the recovery string immediately before doing anything else. For email-signup sites, use a dedicated email address not linked to your real identity.
  4. Deposit. Send the exact amount shown; most crypto casinos credit after one to three on-chain confirmations. Lightning deposits are typically instant.
  5. Play. Keep session notes: record game names, bet sizes, and any bonus codes used. This documentation matters if you need to dispute a payout later.
  6. Request a withdrawal. Withdraw to the same wallet type you deposited from. Save the withdrawal transaction ID the moment it is issued.
  7. Conserve transaction IDs and recovery strings. Store these offline. If you are using a browser-session wallet, do not clear your cache or browser data until after the withdrawal confirms on-chain.

Pro Tip: For Bitcoin Lightning withdrawals, confirm the site supports Lightning invoices before depositing. BetPanda, for example, settles Lightning payouts in under two minutes with negligible fees. Standard on-chain BTC withdrawals at the same site can take significantly longer and cost more. Conversion fees from on-platform currency swaps can also appear without warning; check the fee schedule before converting.


No-KYC offshore casinos sit outside the US regulatory framework. That creates specific, concrete risks:

  • Limited dispute remediation. A Curacao license does not give you a US regulator to call. If a site freezes your funds, your options are community pressure, blockchain proof of deposit, and whatever dispute process the operator publishes.
  • Account closure and fund forfeiture risk. Operators can close accounts and withhold balances citing terms-of-service violations, including undisclosed KYC triggers. Without a formal license in a strong jurisdiction, there is no appeals process.
  • Financial crime flags. Large crypto transactions to offshore gambling sites can attract attention from US financial institutions. This is not a theoretical risk; banks have closed accounts for gambling-related crypto activity.
  • Tax-reporting responsibilities. Gambling winnings are taxable income in the United States regardless of where the casino is licensed or whether KYC was collected. The IRS does not care that the casino did not ask for your ID.
  • State-level legality varies. Online gambling legality differs by state. Some states explicitly prohibit offshore online gambling; others have no specific prohibition. Check your state's laws before depositing.

Practical mitigations:

  • Keep individual session deposits small relative to your total bankroll
  • Withdraw frequently rather than letting balances accumulate on-site
  • Document every transaction: wallet addresses, transaction IDs, deposit and withdrawal amounts, and timestamps
  • Use a dedicated crypto wallet for gambling activity, separate from your main holdings

How to verify fairness and payouts using provably fair tools and Stakestats

Provably fair verification is necessary but not sufficient on its own. The complete picture requires combining server-seed checks with independent blockchain payout proof and observed RTP over many bets. Here is how to do it:

  1. Locate the provably fair section. Most legitimate provably fair casinos publish a verification page where you can enter a server seed, client seed, and nonce to reproduce any bet outcome. Stakestats's provably fair explanation walks through the exact methodology.
  2. Record your seeds before each session. Before playing, note the hashed server seed the casino shows you. After the session, the casino reveals the unhashed seed; you verify it matches the hash using SHA-256.
  3. Replay specific bets. Enter the server seed, client seed, and nonce for any bet you want to verify. The result should match exactly what was recorded in your game history.
  4. Compare reported RTP to observed RTP. Use Stakestats's Stake Engine tools to check real-time RTP and volatility data for 2500+ games. If your observed return over many sessions diverges significantly from the published RTP, that is a signal worth investigating.
  5. Use the Stake Originals Analyzer. For original or proprietary game titles, the Originals Analyzer surfaces game mechanics and hit-rate data that are not visible in standard game interfaces.
  6. Verify payouts on-chain. Take your withdrawal transaction ID and look it up on a blockchain explorer (Blockchair for BTC, XMRchain for Monero). Confirmed on-chain settlement is the strongest payout proof available.

Pro Tip: Save your withdrawal transaction ID the moment the casino issues it, before the funds confirm on-chain. That ID is your independent proof of the payout request, separate from anything the casino's dashboard shows. If a dispute arises, the blockchain record is the only evidence that cannot be altered.

Stakestats tool What it verifies Where to find it
Provably fair explanation Server seed / nonce methodology stakestats.net/stake/tools/provably-fair-explanation
Stake Engine tools Real-time RTP, volatility, hit rate for 2500+ games stakestats.net/stake/tools/stake-engine
Originals Analyzer Game mechanics and hit-rate data for original titles stakestats.net/stake/g/oganalyzer
Bankroll analyzer Bankroll health and risk exposure over sessions stakestats.net/stake/tools/bankroll-analyzer
Bonuses tool Wagering term fairness and bonus trap detection stakestats.net/stake/tools/bonuses

Key Takeaways

The strongest no-KYC casinos pair a native privacy-coin rail with a narrow, published verification posture; without both layers, "anonymous" is mostly marketing.

Point Details
Top privacy picks Jackbit (native XMR), Arcadex.win (session wallet), and BetPanda (Lightning BTC) deliver the strongest practical anonymity.
KYC is conditional Most no-KYC operators reserve verification rights; industry-reported trigger thresholds cluster around $5,000.
Run a micro-test first Deposit a small amount and withdraw immediately to confirm payout behavior before committing a real bankroll.
US legal and tax obligations Gambling winnings are taxable in the US regardless of KYC status; state-level legality varies and should be verified.
Stakestats for verification Use Stakestats's provably fair tools, RTP data, and bankroll analyzer to independently verify fairness and payout claims.

The privacy promise is real, but the responsibility shifts entirely to you

Most commentary on no-KYC casinos focuses on the upside: no passport scans, no waiting days for verification, no identity data sitting on a server somewhere. That is all true. What gets less attention is what you give up in exchange.

When you remove the KYC layer, you also remove the paper trail that regulators and payment processors use to protect you. A licensed, KYC-compliant casino in a strong jurisdiction has external accountability: a regulator can force a payout, freeze an operator's license, or mediate a dispute. An offshore no-KYC site has none of that. If the operator decides to close your account and keep your balance, your leverage is a blockchain transaction ID and a forum post.

That is not an argument against no-KYC gambling. Privacy is a legitimate preference, and for players in jurisdictions where gambling is legally ambiguous, keeping personal data off offshore servers is a reasonable choice. But it does mean the verification work that a regulator would normally do falls entirely on you. Provably fair tools, on-chain payout proofs, and bankroll discipline are not optional extras at these sites. They are the only consumer protection you have.

The sites that deserve trust are the ones that make self-verification possible: published server seeds, blockchain-traceable payouts, and a narrow KYC posture backed by a real track record. The ones that deserve skepticism are the ones that advertise anonymity loudly while publishing nothing verifiable about how their games work or where their payouts go.


Stakestats gives you the verification layer no-KYC casinos won't

No-KYC casinos remove the identity check. They do not remove the need to verify that games are fair and payouts are real. That gap is exactly what Stakestats fills.

Stakestats

Stakestats provides real-time RTP, volatility, and hit-rate data for 2,500+ Stake Engine games, server-seed and nonce verification tools, a bankroll analyzer for tracking risk exposure across sessions, and a bonus checker that flags wagering traps before they lock your funds. For players at no-KYC sites where there is no regulator to call, these tools are the practical alternative to blind trust.

Start with the provably fair verification suite to confirm your game results are genuine, then use the bankroll analyzer to keep your exposure in check. Both are free to use at stakestats.net/stake.


Useful sources and tools for verifying claims

  • Jackbit review — NoKYC Vault: Hands-on review confirming native Monero support and under-10-minute wallet payouts; useful for verifying Jackbit's no-KYC posture.
  • BetPanda review — Tech Insider: Testing data on Bitcoin Lightning withdrawal speed and fee structure; confirms sub-two-minute settlement and Costa Rica registration.
  • Arcadex.win: Primary site for the session-wallet, no-signup Monero gaming model; verify operational details directly.
  • Tether21: Marketing page showing accepted coin list and no-email entry-level play claims; verify with a micro-test.
  • Gambling Insider: Industry coverage of KYC trigger patterns and operator policy trends; useful for understanding conditional KYC behavior.
  • GetDigsy — No KYC Casinos: Aggregator guide emphasizing payout-trace evidence and testing methodology as primary trust signals.
  • Stakestats provably fair explanation: Step-by-step methodology for server-seed and nonce verification; the starting point for any fairness check.
  • Stakestats Stake Engine tools: Real-time RTP and volatility data for 2,500+ games; use to compare reported and observed return rates.
  • National Council on Problem Gambling: Resources for players who need support with gambling-related harm.
  • Gamblers Anonymous: Peer support for problem gambling; available to US players.